linux:start
Unterschiede
Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.
Beide Seiten der vorigen RevisionVorhergehende ÜberarbeitungNächste Überarbeitung | Vorhergehende Überarbeitung | ||
linux:start [2021/03/17 17:53] – [Terminal-Breite] frank | linux:start [2022/06/08 16:33] (aktuell) – [Linux] frank | ||
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+ | ====== Linux ====== | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[Kernel]] | ||
+ | * [[ubuntu18.4]] [[ubuntu20.4]] [[ubuntu22.4]] | ||
+ | * [[LXC]] | ||
+ | * [[Docker]] | ||
+ | * [[virtualbox]] | ||
+ | * [[GIMP]] | ||
+ | * [[multimedia]] | ||
+ | ===== Einstellungen ===== | ||
+ | ==== Titelleisten-Icons ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout ': | ||
+ | ==== Terminal-Breite ==== | ||
+ | stty rows 50 cols 150 | ||
+ | |||
+ | wenn der Zeilenumbruch nicht funktioniert kann man folgendes in der .bashrc probieren: | ||
+ | |||
+ | shopt -s checkwinsize | ||
+ | #if [ $(tty) == '/ | ||
+ | # trap resize DEBUG | ||
+ | #fi | ||
+ | | ||
+ | apt install --no-install-recommends xterm | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | export PROMPT_COMMAND=" | ||
+ | ===== ppp ifup-script ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Script in / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Beispiel ppp-default-route in separate routing-Tabelle: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | PPP_LOCAL=$4 | ||
+ | PPP_REMOTE=$5 | ||
+ | PPP_IFACE=$1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ip route flush table telekom | ||
+ | ip route add $PPP_REMOTE/ | ||
+ | ip route add default dev $PPP_IFACE table telekom | ||
+ | ip route show table telekom | ||
+ | exit 0 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ===== apt-get force ipv4 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | apt-get -o Acquire:: | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | permanent (als root): | ||
+ | |||
+ | echo ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | ===== basis x-server ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | apt-get install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg xinit openbox policykit-1 xterm xfonts-base | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== einfacher Mailserver ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | als Relay-Server (sendet Mails über einen externen Mailserver) für System-Angelegenheiten (infos, backup,...) | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== screen ===== | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | screen -S Sitzungsname Befehl | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== wget ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ausgabeverzeichnis angeben | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | -P download in Verzeichnis | ||
+ | |||
+ | wget < | ||
+ | |||
+ | -O download als Datei | ||
+ | |||
+ | wget < | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== prozessinfos ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ps -o pid,args -C tcpdump | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== nano ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sprung in Zeilennummer: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ersetzen: Alt+R | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Einstellungen ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo nano /etc/nanorc | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Cursorposition === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Constantly display the cursor position in the status bar. Note that | ||
+ | ## this overrides " | ||
+ | set constantshow #temporär strg+C, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === Zeilennummerierung === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Display line numbers to the left of the text. | ||
+ | set linenumbers | ||
+ | |||
+ | === TAB-Breite === | ||
+ | |||
+ | #/ | ||
+ | set tabsize 4 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | nano -T 8 datei | ||
+ | ====== Datenträgerprüfung ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | sudo fsck -f /dev/sdb1 | ||
+ | #Prüfung auf defekte Sektoren | ||
+ | sudo badblocks -nsv /dev/sdb | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== NTP ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | apt-get install ntp | ||
+ | service ntp stop | ||
+ | ntpdate ptbtime1.ptb.de | ||
+ | service ntp start | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== zeit setzen ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | timedatectl set-timezone CET #zeitzone setzen (CET/CEST) | ||
+ | date -s " | ||
+ | hwclock -w #RTC setzen, sonst ist die Zeit nach dem nächsten reboot wieder falsch | ||
+ | ====== update-alternatives ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install gcc-9-arm-linux-gnueabihf gcc-10-arm-linux-gnueabihf | ||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --install / | ||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --install / | ||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --config arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc | ||
+ | arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --version | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install gcc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-10-aarch64-linux-gnu | ||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --install / | ||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --install / | ||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --config aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc | ||
+ | |||
+ | anderes beispiel | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo update-alternatives --install / | ||
+ | ====== umbenennen ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Datei test wird in test.bak umbenannt (ohne zu verschieben) | ||
+ | |||
+ | mv / | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ====== irssi ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== einstellen ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Server+nick einstellen | ||
+ | |||
+ | irssi -n NICK #irssi mit dem nickname starten | ||
+ | |||
+ | /network add -nick NICK -autosendcmd "/msg nickserv IDENTIFY *******" | ||
+ | /server add -auto -ssl -network fn chat.freenode.net 7070 #ports 6697, 7000 and 7070 for SSL-encrypted connections. | ||
+ | |||
+ | /SET nick xxx | ||
+ | /SET alternate_nick xxx | ||
+ | | ||
+ | /nick alternatenick | ||
+ | /msg NickServ IDENTIFY mainnick password | ||
+ | /msg NickServ GROUP | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | /alias nick_recover msg NickServ GHOST $0 $1; wait 2000; msg NickServ RELEASE $0 $1; wait 2000; nick $0; wait 2000; msg NickServ IDENTIFY $1 | ||
+ | /network modify -autosendcmd "/ | ||
+ | /SET server_reconnect_time 300 | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | ===== fenster umschalten ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | /window 1-x # | ||
+ | |||
+ | alternativ mit Strg+P (previous)/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | /win list #zeigt die offenen Fenster im Server-Status (1) an | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Abwesenheit ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | /away grund # | ||
+ | /away # | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ====== udev ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | gleiche serial-adapter mit Symlink anhand der USB-Ports (hinter Hub) | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | udevadm info --attribute-walk --path=/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | #r2 (first port) roothub-port.hubport | ||
+ | # KERNELS==" | ||
+ | # KERNELS==" | ||
+ | #r64 (second port=3) | ||
+ | # KERNELS==" | ||
+ | # KERNELS==" | ||
+ | KERNEL==" | ||
+ | KERNEL==" | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== sshd ====== | ||
+ | ===== qnap (entware) ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | nano / | ||
+ | ps | grep ssh | ||
+ | kill PID #PID= pid von / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | tail -f / | ||
+ | #bei Fehler "Bad ownership": | ||
+ | chmod go-w ~/;chmod 700 ~/ | ||
+ | #wenn fertig | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== kernel kernelconfig (/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | # modprobe configs | ||
+ | # zcat / | ||
+ | CONFIG_HWMON=y | ||
+ | # CONFIG_HWMON_DEBUG_CHIP is not set | ||
+ | # CONFIG_SENSORS_IIO_HWMON is not set | ||
+ | CONFIG_THERMAL_HWMON=y | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ====== mv-alternative ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | rsync -avh --progress --remove-source-files source target/ | ||
+ | #delete empty directories (not done by rsync) | ||
+ | find source/ -type d -empty -delete | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== diverses ====== | ||
+ | ===== fsck erzwingen ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | in die kernel-cmdline: | ||
+ | |||
+ | fsck.mode=force | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== rc.local ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== VNC-Server ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | basierend auf https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | apt install tightvncserver openbox | ||
+ | apt install lxterminal firefox-esr --no-install-recommends | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~/ | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | #!/bin/sh | ||
+ | xrdb $HOME/ | ||
+ | xsetroot -solid grey | ||
+ | |||
+ | unset SESSION_MANAGER | ||
+ | exec openbox-session & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~/ | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | #!/bin/sh | ||
+ | vncserver :1 -geometry 1024x768 -depth 8 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | nicht vergessen, die beiden scripte ausführbar zu machen | ||
+ | |||
+ | chmod +x ~/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ich starte das script über die rc.local (s.o.), man kann natürlich auch ein init-script dafür machen | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== locales ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lösung: | ||
+ | |||
+ | wenn noch nicht erzeugt die locales generieren | ||
+ | |||
+ | locale-gen de_DE.UTF-8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | das in die / | ||
+ | |||
+ | LC_ALL=de_DE.UTF-8 | ||
+ | LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ggf danach nochmal | ||
+ | |||
+ | dpkg-reconfigure locales | ||
+ | |||
+ | nun sollte kein Fehler mehr auftauchen | ||
+ | |||
+ | locale -a | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lösung über / |