====== Storage ======
{{:bpi-r2:boot-structure.png|}}
image by garywang

it looks like  /dev/mmcblk1, /dev/mmcblk1boot0 and /dev/mmcblk1boot1 are independend devices (bootx not partitions inside /dev/mmcblk1)

===== preloader =====

{{ :bpi-r2:bpi-r2-preloader-ddr1600-20190722-2k.img.gz |for SD}} have to be written at 2k-offset (0x800)

  sudo dd if=BPI-R2-EMMC-boot0-DDR1600-20190722-2k.img of=/dev/sdc bs=1k seek=2

(SD-Card needs additional MMC_BOOT & BRLYT header, see below)

{{ :bpi-r2:bpi-r2-emmc-boot0-ddr1600-20190722-0k.img.gz |for EMMC}} have to be written at 0-offset (0x0) of boot0-Partition

  sudo dd if=BPI-R2-EMMC-boot0-DDR1600-20190722-0k.img of=/dev/mmcblk1boot0

new preloaderfiles from here: https://github.com/BPI-SINOVOIP/BPI-files/tree/master/SD/100MB

===== SD-Card =====

sdcard-bootsektor reverse-engineering
[[http://forum.banana-pi.org/t/boot-fails-with-self-build-u-boot/5460/20]]

[[http://forum.banana-pi.org/t/how-to-build-an-ubuntu-debian-sd-image-from-scratch/6805/8]]

[[https://github.com/BPI-SINOVOIP/BPI-R2-bsp/tree/master/mt-pack/mtk/bpi-r2/bin|SD-Headers]] {{ :bpi-r2:bpi-r2-head440-0k.img |}} {{ :bpi-r2:bpi-r2-head1-512b.img |}}

  * SDMMC_BOOT-Signatur + address of 2nd header (0x00000200) - first 440 byte (before partitiontable):

  gunzip -c BPI-R2-HEAD440-0k.img.gz | dd of=/dev/loop8 bs=1024 seek=0

  * BRLYT-signature + preloader-Address (0x00000800):

  gunzip -c BPI-R2-HEAD1-512b.img.gz | dd of=/dev/loop8 bs=512 seek=1

==== short install-guide ====

this guide is derived from user ul90 but using a fixed partition table (existing image/sdcard) and variables for loopdevice

  dd if=/dev/zero of=../bpi-r2-buster.img bs=1M count=7168
  loopdev=$(losetup -f)
  sudo losetup ${loopdev} ../bpi-r2-buster.img
  echo $loopdev
  sudo dd if=~/Downloads/BPI-R2-preloader-DDR1600-20190722-2k.img of=${loopdev} bs=1k seek=2
  sudo dd if=~/Downloads/BPI-R2-HEAD440-0k.img of=${loopdev} bs=1024 seek=0
  sudo dd if=~/Downloads/BPI-R2-HEAD1-512b.img  bs=512 seek=1
  sudo dd if=/path/to/u-boot/u-boot.bin of=${loopdev} bs=1k seek=320
  sudo sfdisk ${loopdev} < ~/Downloads/parttable.dat 
  sudo partprobe ${loopdev}
  ls ${loopdev}*
  sudo mkfs -t vfat ${loopdev}p1
  sudo mkfs -t ext4 ${loopdev}p2
  sudo fatlabel ${loopdev}p1 BPI-BOOT
  sudo e2label ${loopdev}p2 BPI-ROOT

install debian (from [[debian#debootstrap|bootstrapped rootfs]])

  sudo mount ${loopdev}p2 /mnt/
  sudo cp -r debian_buster_armhf/. /mnt/
  #install kernel-modules to same partition
  kernelpack=/path/to/bpi-r2_<version>_main.tar.gz
  sudo tar -xzf ${kernelpack} -C /mnt/ --strip-components=1 BPI-ROOT
  #install kernel to boot-partition
  sudo umount /mnt
  sudo mount ${loopdev}p1 /mnt/
  sudo tar -xzf ${kernelpack} -C /mnt/ --strip-components=1 BPI-BOOT
  #maybe create a uEnv.txt
  sudo umount /mnt

  sudo losetup -d ${loopdev}
  #now write the image to card (make sure /dev/sdc is your sdcard-device and no partition is mounted)
  sudo dd if=../bpi-r2-buster.img of=/dev/sdc
  sync


==== Step-by-Step-Guide from "ul90" ====

=== 1. download binary files: ===

[[https://github.com/BPI-SINOVOIP/BPI-R2-bsp/tree/master/mt-pack/mtk/bpi-r2/bin|SD-Headers]] (old not supporting full uboot-size)

=== 2. Create image file (8GB): ===

  dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=7296 | pv | dd of=bpir2.img

=== 3. Load image as virtual drive: ===

  losetup /dev/loop8 bpir2.img

=== 4. Make partitions and format: ===

<code bash>
parted -s /dev/loop8 mklabel msdos
parted -s /dev/loop8 unit MiB mkpart primary fat32 -- 100MiB 356MiB
parted -s /dev/loop8 unit MiB mkpart primary ext2 -- 356MiB 7295MiB
partprobe /dev/loop8
mkfs.vfat /dev/loop8p1 -I -n BPI-BOOT
mkfs.ext4 -O ^has_journal -E stride=2,stripe-width=1024 -b 4096 /dev/loop8p2 -L BPI-ROOT
sync
parted -s /dev/loop8 print
</code>

=== 5. extended boot-headers ===

  * SDMMC_BOOT-signature + address of 2nd header 0x00000200 (before partition-table):

  gunzip -c BPI-R2-HEAD440-0k.img.gz | dd of=/dev/loop8 bs=1024 seek=0

  * BRLYT-signature + preloader-address (0x00000800):

  gunzip -c BPI-R2-HEAD1-512b.img.gz | dd of=/dev/loop8 bs=512 seek=1

=== 6. Write preloader and u-boot bootloader: ===

  dd if=preloader_iotg7623Np1_sd_1600M.bin of=/dev/loop8 bs=1024 seek=2
  dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/loop8 bs=1024 seek=320
  sync
=== 7. Copy rootfs + kernel ===

create bootstraped rootfs

  * [[Ubuntu]]
  * [[Debian]]

Install Kernel:

[[Kernel#install_kernel|Kernel]]
=== 8. Remove loop device: ===

  losetup -d /dev/loop8

===== MMC-Utils =====

with the [[https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/mmc/mmc-tools.txt|mmc-utils]] you can test out of a running system, if the EMMC-partitioning is correct (should be 48 see [[uboot#change_partition-configuration_of_emmc]]).

<code>./mmc extcsd read /dev/mmcblk1
....
Boot configuration bytes [PARTITION_CONFIG: 0x48]
....</code>

i have added the mmc-utils also to [[https://github.com/frank-w/BPI-R2-4.14/commit/b01360c4e063693c8df750561761edebe9bf5db8|my Kernel-Repo]] (with changed Makefile for Cross-Compile)

a forum user give me the tip [[http://forum.banana-pi.org/t/bpi-r2-new-image-ubuntu-16-04-v1-2-1-bt-and-wifi-ap-mode-are-working-fine-2017-11-27/4291/60|here]] that partition config can be wrote with mmc-utils too

  ./mmc bootpart enable 1 1 /dev/mmcblk1

<code>
[18:02] root@bpi-r2:~# ./mmc extcsd read /dev/mmcblk1 | grep PARTITION_CONFIG
Boot configuration bytes [PARTITION_CONFIG: 0x00]
[18:02] root@bpi-r2:~# ./mmc bootpart enable 1 1 /dev/mmcblk1
[18:03] root@bpi-r2:~# ./mmc extcsd read /dev/mmcblk1 | grep PARTITION_CONFIG
Boot configuration bytes [PARTITION_CONFIG: 0x48]
</code>
===== install OS on EMMC =====

http://forum.banana-pi.org/t/bpi-r2-new-image-ubuntu-16-04-v1-2-1-bt-and-wifi-ap-mode-are-working-fine-2017-11-27/4291

  - [[uboot#change_partition-configuration_of_emmc]]
  - activate write mode /dev/mmcblk1boot0:<code>echo 0 > /sys/block/mmcblk1boot0/force_ro</code>
  - write preloader from [[https://github.com/BPI-SINOVOIP/BPI-files/blob/master/SD/100MB/BPI-R2-EMMC-boot0-DDR1600-0k-0905.img.gz|here]] to the emmc boot-device:
    * <code>gunzip -c BPI-R2-EMMC-boot0-DDR1600-0k-0905.img.gz | sudo dd of=/dev/mmcblk1boot0 bs=1024 seek=0</code>
    * with [[https://github.com/BPI-SINOVOIP/bpi-tools/|bpi-tools]]: <code>bpi-bootsel BPI-R2-EMMC-boot0-DDR1600-0k-0905.img.gz /dev/mmcblk1boot0</code>
  - copy of OS-image to EMMC (device=/dev/mmcblk1): 
    * <code>gunzip deb_stretch_emmc.img.gz
dd if=deb_stretch_emmc.img of=/dev/mmcblk1 bs=1M</code>
    * <code>unzip -p <XXX.img.zip> | pv | dd of=<device> bs=10M status=noxfer</code>
    * alternate (with [[https://github.com/BPI-SINOVOIP/bpi-tools/|bpi-tools]]): <code>bpi-copy  <XXX.img.zip> <device></code>
  - poweroff, remove SD card and boot again

if sd-card-image does not fit emmc: [[https://softwarebakery.com/shrinking-images-on-linux|shrinking image]]

===== manual copy of OS =====

  * if you want bootable sdcard,you need to copy first 2k from existing sd-image/card.
    * {{ :bpi-r2:bpi-r2-sd-boot2k.img.gz |first 2kB without preloader/uboot}} {{ :bpi-r2:bpi-r2-sd-boot1m.img.gz |first MB with preloader/uboot}} <code>gunzip bpi-r2-sd-boot*.img.gz
dd if=bpi-r2-sd-boot1m.img of=/dev/sdx
sync
#remove card after "sync" and reenter
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdx1
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdx2
#set filesystem-labels, partition must not be mounted!
sudo mlabel -i /dev/sdx1 ::BPI-BOOT
sudo tune2fs -L BPI-ROOT /dev/sdx2
</code>
  * install uboot (not needed if bpi-r2-sd-boot1m.img is flashed):<code>dd if=BPI-R2-720P-2k.img of=/dev/mmcblk1 bs=1k seek=2 count=1022</code>
  * export partitiontable from SD {{ :bpi-r2:parttable.dat |}} and write it to emmc (not needed if bpi-r2-sd-bootx.img is flashed):<code>root@bpi-r2:~# sfdisk -d /dev/mmcblk0 > parttable.dat
root@bpi-r2:~# sfdisk /dev/mmcblk1 < parttable.dat
</code>
  * check/resize
  * create filesystems (mkfs) for p1=vfat (apt-get install dosfstools) and p2=ext4 (here emmc)<code>mkfs -t vfat /dev/mmcblk1p1
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk1p2</code>
  * create+configure mount-points in existing system<code>mkdir -p /mnt/emmc/boot
mkdir -p /mnt/emmc/root
nano /etc/fstab
# <file system>         <dir>           <type>  <options>               <dump>  <pass>
/dev/mmcblk0p2          /               ext4    errors=remount-ro       0       1
/dev/mmcblk0p1          /boot           vfat    defaults                0       0
/dev/mmcblk1p2          /mnt/emmc/root  ext4    errors=remount-ro,noauto  0       1
/dev/mmcblk1p1          /mnt/emmc/boot  vfat    defaults,noauto           0       0
</code>
  * mount it:<code>
mount /mnt/emmc/root
mount /mnt/emmc/boot
</code>
  * unpack bootstrapped debian or copy full rootfs from sdcard<code>rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found","/boot/*"} / /mnt/emmc/root/
</code>
  * copy kernel (p1) and modules (p2)<code>mkdir -p /mnt/emmc/boot/bananapi/bpi-r2/linux
cp /boot/bananapi/bpi-r2/linux/uImage /mnt/emmc/boot/bananapi/bpi-r2/linux
mkdir -p /mnt/emmc/root/lib/modules/
cp -r /lib/modules/$(uname -r) /mnt/emmc/root/lib/modules/</code>
  * configure uboot to load kernel from right partition<code>sed 's/mmcblk0/mmcblk1/' /boot/bananapi/bpi-r2/linux/uEnv.txt > /mnt/emmc/boot/bananapi/bpi-r2/linux/uEnv.txt</code>